Improved radiator for heating buildings



I. H. CHESTER.

Gas Stove.

No. 20,917 Patented July 13, 1858r UNITED STATES I PATENT ()FFICE.

I. H. CHESTER, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO M. A. CHESTER.

IMPROVED RADIATOR FOR HEATING BUILDINGS, &c., BY COMBUSTION 0F GAS OR ALCOHOL.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 20,917, dated July 13, 1858.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, I. H. CHESTER, of the city of Cincinnati, in the county of'Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented an Improved Radiator for Heating Buildings or Apartments by the Combustion of Gas or Alcohol; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which- Figure 1 is a vertical section of my improved radiator. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the same.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in both figures.

The principal object of my invention is to provide for the condensation within the radiator of the water evolved by the combustion of the gas or alcohol and its escape therefrom, together with a considerable portion of carbonic acid evolved, which is absorbed by the water, and at the same time to provide for the construction of the radiator in such a manner as to provide for the equal distribution of heat therein.

To enable others to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe its 0011- struction and operation.

The outer shell A B C D of the radiator is of quadrangular form in its vertical section, and its sides are parallel horizontally as well as Vertically, except that in the middle and at each end there are vertical cylindrical enlargements. (Indicated by A A.) The space between the fiat portions B B is very narrow, generally about one inch or little more, and the cylindrical enlargements about four or five inches in width or diameter; but these dimensions may be varied according to the size of the radiator.

The sides A A B B of the shell maybe made of sheet-iron and the top and bottom of castiron, the sides being fitted into rims a a, formed round the top B and bottom 0, the whole being secured by vertical screw-bolts e e, passing through the top and bottom, and the joints being closed by any suitable cement. The sides are stayed by rivets ff, passing through interposed collars g g.

In the center of the bottom C there is an opening 0 c of the full size of the central cylindrical enlarged portion A, under which opening the burner E is placed. From this opening the bottom slants slightly in opposite directions toward the ends, near which it contains two smaller openings d d.

F F are feet attached to the bottom of the radiator to support it.

In the upper parts of the cylindrically-enlarged portions A A, at the ends of the radiator, are fitted tight metal cylinders b b, which extend about one-fourth or one-third of the way from the top toward the bottom, and in the central cylindrically-enlarged portion is fitted a similar but deeper cylinder h, extending from the top about half or two-thirds of the way toward the bottom.

Between the cylinders Z) l) and 72., and about on a level with the bottoms of b b, there are horizontal deflectors it, which consist of metal plates fitted between the flat portions of the sides of the shell, and from the bottom of the cylinder h a deflector j'of similar character extends a short distance toward each end of the radiator. The deflectors '5 a? are not intended to fit so closely as entirely to shut off the upper part of the radiator, but are intended to prevent the flame and heated products of combustion from the burner from circulating too freely in the upper part of the radiator, and thus heating it too intensely.

The cylinders 12 b and h, being entirely closed and filling a considerable portion of the radiator, prevent a too great and dangerous accumulation of gas in the upper part of the radiator in case of any escape from the burner while the gas is not lighted, as the quantity of gas left in the space not occupied by these cylinders would not, if ignited, be sufficient to explode the radiator, as might be the case if it could fill the whole of the radiator.

The lower parts of the cylindrically-enlarged portions at the end of the radiator contain cylinders 7a 7a of wire-gauze, and smaller cylinders Z Z, of wire-gauze, are fitted between the flat portions B B of the sides. These wire-gauze cylinders assist the deflectors j in distributing the heated products of combustion within the radiator, that it may be uniformly heated, and the wire-gauze assists in absorbing the heat and conducting it to theside plates of the radiator. There is an opening in the top plate D, fitted with a valve or register 19, by which the steam evolved in the combustion may be allowed to escape in limited quantities into the apartment or building to moisten the air when it requires it.

H H are vessels suspended below the holes to receive the water which escapes from said holes, as will be hereinafter described.

The bu rner is placed directly under the opening 0 c and about half an inch below the bottom of the radiator. The burner which I prefer to use consists of a box, with its top composed of a disk of wire-gauze m, of about the same size as the opening 0 c and with a j et-nozzle G in its bottom, in which are a number of holes at n, drilled at an angle of about thirty degrees to the horizon for the issue of the gas. A number of holes 0 o in the bottom of the cup supply air among the jets of gas as they issue from the holes n n and strike the sides of the cup, and the air and gas after being thoroughly mixed in the cup pass through the gauze disk on, on the surface of which combustion takes place. I is the pipe which supplies the burner.

Operation: The flame and heated gaseous products of combustion entering the radiator from the burner strike the deflectors j j and i 11 and are spread in opposite directions, and the gases are caused to circulate between the sides of the radiator and through the wiregauze cylinders Z Z, yielding their heat as they pass and leavingmuch of the water condensed upon the surfaces before arriving at the cooler parts of the radiator-viz., the end cylindrically-enlarged portionsupon the' surface of which and upon the gauze cylinders 1a 7a the condensation is completed as the final absorption of heat takes place. The water condensed on the several surfaces trickles down them and runs toward the holes d d, through which it escapes to the receptacles H H. The slanting form of the bottom shown in Fig. 1 causes the water running down the sides of the radiator to find its way to the holes d d and prevents the possibility of its accumulatingjnear the burner, where it might be evaporated.

WVhat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

The radiator constructed with a central opening 0 c in its bottom to receive the flame and heated products of combustion from the burner and with the surface of said bottom inclining downward from said opening .toward two openings (1 d at the ends, and with the wire-gauze cylinders or their equivalent- Z Z 70 70 between the sides, by which means combined provision is made for the condensation and free escape of the water of condensation, together with such carbonic acid as may be absorbed by it.

I. H. CHESTER. Witnesses:

L. A. HARRIS, GEO. R. BRAY. 

